Here is a list of recognized and authoritative references provided by SNOMED International
Web addresses for suggested reference sources (copy and paste into a browser).
Please note this section is for guidance only and is not intended to be exhaustive.
Table 1
This table contains suggested reference sources for general requests relating to procedure, clinical finding, disorder and situation with explicit context.
| NCBI - National Center for Biotechnology Information | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ |
| PubMed – Biomedical literature | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ |
| Medscape | https://www.medscape.com/ |
| DermNet | https://dermnetnz.org/ |
| British Medical Journal | https://www.bmj.com/ |
| The Lancet | https://www.thelancet.com/ |
| The New England Journal of Medicine | https://www.nejm.org/ |
| Merck | https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional |
| OMIM - An Online Catalog of Human Genes and Genetic Disorders | https://www.omim.org/ |
| Orphanet | https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/index.php |
| Genetics and Rare Diseases Information Center | https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/ |
| The International Society for Nomenclature of Paediatric and Congenital Heart Disease (ISNPCHD) | https://ipccc.net/ |
Table 2
This table contains suggested reference sources for requests relating to anatomy.
| FMA Browser Explorer for Foundational Model of Anatomy | http://fma.si.washington.edu/browser/#/ |
Table 3
This table contains reference sources for requests relating to medicinal products.
Summaries of Product Characteristics (known as SPCs or SmPCs) for a drug can be located:
| UK Licensed medicines: electronic medicines compendium (emc) | https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc |
| Medicines & Healthcare products Regulatory Agency | https://products.mhra.gov.uk/ |
| USA: Structured Product Label (SPL) document can be searched on FDA Label | https://nctr-crs.fda.gov/fdalabel/ui/search |
| DailyMed | https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/ |
| Europe : National registers of authorised medicines - includes country specific sites | https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines |
Europe: Ireland - Health Products Regulatory Authority | https://www.hpra.ie/ |
| Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG) | https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/artg |
| Dose forms reference link to document | https://standardterms.edqm.eu/ |
| Information can also come from marketing authorization holders (e.g. companies) who have Summaries of Product Characteristics |
Table 4
This table contains suggested reference sources for requests relating to substances.
| ChEBI - Ontology of Chemical Entities of Biologic Interest | https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/ |
| Global Substance Registration System - GSRS | https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/browse-substance |
| International Nonproprietary Names | |
| UniProt – Protein knowledgebase | http://www.uniprot.org/ |
| ChemIDplus | chem.nlm.nih.gov |
| ChemSpider - Royal Society of Chemistry, free chemical structure database | http://www.chemspider.com/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIvfXI9qnt1gIVQxYbCh2nAQHPEAAYASAAEgIla_D_BwE |
| Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (NC-IUBMB) | http://www.sbcs.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/ |
| PubChem - Biologic activities of small molecules | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ |
| NLM Drug Info - Drug information Portal | https://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov/drugportal/ |
| EDQM standard Terms | https://standardterms.edqm.eu/# |
| WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index - Index and search for the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system and the Defined Daily Dose (DDD) | https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/ |
| FDA Global Substance Registration System | https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch |
| WHO List of Recommended and Proposed INNs | https://www.who.int/teams/health-product-and-policy-standards/inn/inn-lists |
| NLM DailyMed | https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/ |
| NLM RxNav | |
| NCI Thesaurus | |
| DrugBank Online | |
| UpToDate |
Table 5
This table contains suggested reference sources for requests relating to organisms.
| Bacteria DSMZ-Prokaryotic Nomenclature Up-to-date | https://www.gbif.org/dataset/52a423d2-0486-4e77-bcee-6350d708d6ff |
| Bacteria List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) | https://lpsn.dsmz.de/ |
| Bacteria International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP) | http://www.the-icsp.org/ |
| Bacteria International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology | http://ijs.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem |
| Fungi MycoBank Database | http://www.mycobank.org/ |
| Fungi Index Fungorum | http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/names.asp |
| Viruses International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) | https://ictv.global/ |
Parasites NOTE: Although not an authoritative source, NCBI Taxonomy | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy |
Catalogue of Life is the result of cooperation between ITIS (https://www.itis.gov) and Species 2000 (https://www.sp2000.org/). | https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ |
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) | https://www.iczn.org/ |
International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (IAPT) | https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php |
World Checklist of Selected Plant Families | https://powo.science.kew.org/ |